This site contains articles about science, environment, travel, and personal experiences. The blogger is an amateur writer, a licensed chemist, an environmental scientist, a mountaineer, and an entrepreneur. Follow me on Twitter @JourneyingChem and like my Facebook Page at www.facebook.com/JourneyingChemist.
Steam Explosion is a technology that is used for treatments involving high pressure and temperature. It is seen as the one with potential to reduce costs and is the most commonly used pretreatment method for celllulosic ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks (McMillan, 1994). It uses both physical and chemical methods to break the structure of lignocellulosic material through a hydrothermal treatment. In the said method, treating the lignocellulosic material with high pressure steam at high temperature for a short time, then rapidly depressurizing destroys the fibrils structure. United States and Canada have already been doing demonstrations on this technology (Jorgensen, et al., 2007).
The FIRST Steam Explosion Device in the Philippines is housed at the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (BIOTECH), University of the Philippines Los Banos. This equipment, which is acquired through the DOST-PCIEERD-funded project on "Fuel Ethanol Production from Lignocellusic Feedstocks" headed by Dr. Fidel Rey P. Nayve, Jr., is being used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials such as agricultural residues, grasses, and forest products.
Steam Explosion Device.
A portion of my Master's thesis involved the use of this technology and results showed that steam explosion effectively destroyed the lignocellulosic structure of Cogon (substrate used).
The following video shows the operation of BIOTECH's Steam Explosion Device.
References:
JORGENSEN, H., KRISTENSEN, J.B., FELBY, C. 2007. Enzymatic conversion of lignocelluloses into fermentable sugars: challenges and opportunities. Society of Chemical Industry.
MCMILLAN, J.D. 1994. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Himmel, M.E., Baker, J.O., Overend, R.P. (Eds.), Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass for Fuels Production, ACS Symposium Series, vol. 566. ACS, Washington, DC
Mount Batulao of Nasugbu, Batangas is one of the best hiking destinations we have visited. The view along the whole trail offers remarkable landscapes. The summit also gives you a 360-degree view of Nasugbu, Batangas.
I would like to share our pictures during the climb.
Marinduque is one of the underrated places in the Philippines. It is a province in Region IV-B that can be reached (as of the moment) through ferry in Lucena Port. Last summer, I brought my friends in my hometown for a vacation. I would like to share our adventure hoping that after seeing this post, readers would consider Marinduque as their next destination.
Since our 'barkada' loves the beach, we decided to spend one night in Maniwaya Island. A boat waited for us in Buyabod Port and the travel time is about one and a half hour.
Boracay Beach is the favorite summer getaway of celebrities and foreign tourists. And for a commoner like me, it is a dream come true to be able to step on those white sand which I only see in pictures. Thanks to the "DISCOUNTED RATES" of our local airlines, we were able to book our trip. This is something different to what we usually see - sand instead of chemicals, people instead of microbes.
Coron in Palawan has a lot to offer to travelers. There are a number of snorkeling and diving sites, white beaches, and pristine lakes available for sight seeing and adventure. I had the luxury of spending a relaxing weekend in Coron which was made more special because I had my college friends with me.
3 SISTERS’ HOMEMADE BANANA CHIPS, which is essentially on its 17th year, is a story of adaptation, survival, and continuous adaptation. Its mere existence is a story…a story of hardships, inspirations, and successes. During those years when
Marcopper Mining Corporation (MARCOPPER) was still operational, I personally
think that life is easier for the locals of Marinduque. The mining company was
the source of income for a number of local residents. Our family is in fact one
of those who were dependent on MARCOPPER. However, in 1996, my father was laid
off, together with other employees. In effect, our family had problems
financially. And we had no choice but to adapt to the situation. My parents had
a thorough deliberation on how we could raise our family given the fact that
our primary source of income was gone. And they came up with a decision, that
is, to put up a small business. But the problem did not end there. What kind of
business? How much would be the capital? Can we afford to have one? These were
some of the questions they had to answer.
Business…it took a while before my parents have decided on what specific business they are pursuing. After several
considerations, 3 SISTERS’ HOMEMADE BANANA CHIPS was born. That time, they
believed that it was a good choice because we were one of the pioneers of
banana chips industry in the province. Also, the raw materials for the
production were locally available and the capital needed was not that high. The
procedure we used in production actually came from a livelihood training sponsored
by the Department of Agriculture (DA) in 1996.
Culminating my Mountaineering Year, 2013, was a climb to an
underrated mountain in my hometown. It was very special because located in that mountain
is the exact CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES. It is said that every Filipino
Geodetic Engineers dream of reaching this marker as it serves as the Point Zero
when making a map.
Luzon Datum of 1911/Station Balanacan.
This Philippine
Marker is located in the highest hill in the northwest point of Marinduque
Island. According to marinduque.gov.ph, its institutionalization as
geodetic datum origin is traced to the surveying and mapping activities in the
Philippines of the then United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (USCGS). With
the new territorial claim of the US following the Spanish-American War, the
responsibilities of the USCGS grew which included the conduct of various
scientific and cartographic initiatives in the Philippine Islands beginning
1901. Reference: http://www.marinduque.gov.ph/luzondatum.html